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Scaevola taccada

(Gaertn.) Roxb. (1814)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Asterales Family: Goodeniaceae Genus: Scaevola

auaka, auaka (Ni‘ihau), huahekili, naupaka, naupaka kahakai, naupaka kai

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs up to 3 m tall.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades oblanceolate, obovate, or occasionally suborbicular, 5–20 cm long, 5–7 cm wide. Apex rounded and denticulate, the teeth often purple. Base tapering gradually, with tufts of silky white hairs in the axils. Surfaces glabrous or moderately pubescent. Margins often slightly inrolled. Petiolate. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in cymes in the upper leaf axils, 1–2 cm long, on silky pubescent pedicels less than 10 mm long, these subtended by paired bracteoles. Flowers bisexual (perfect), strongly irregular. Calyx conspicuous, nearly as long as ovary, the tube ca. 1 mm long, the lobes equal or subequal, narrowly lanceolate, ca. 3–6 mm long, sparsely pubescent. Corolla funnelform–unilabiate, 5–parted, the tube split adaxially, pale yellowish green externally, white or cream-colored within, often with purple streaks on lobes and throat, the tube straight, 8–12 mm long, the lobes lanceolate, 8–12 mm long, margins winged. Stamens 5, distinct ± as long as corolla tube; anthers introrse, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits, the pollen shed from the coherent anthers and collected by the indusium on the outgrowing style. Ovary inferior, ovoid, 2-celled; ovule placentation axile; style exserted and protruding through the adaxially split tube, curved abruptly downward near stigma, 15–18 mm long; stigma 2-lobed or truncate, margins ciliate.

Fruit: Fruit drupaceous; 2–celled; white; compressed–globose; 10–13 mm long; 5–7 mm wide; glabrous. Seeds 1 to numerous; with oily endosperm.

Ploidy: 2n = 16*; 32

Habitat: Common in coastal sites.

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Synonyms (40)

Lobelia frutescens Mill. (1768)
Lobelia koenigii (Vahl) Saff. (1905)
Lobelia piliplena Kuntze (1891)
Lobelia plumieri Burm.f. (1768)
Lobelia sericea Kuntze (1891)
Lobelia sericea var. koenigii (M.Vahl) Kuntze (1891)
Lobelia taccada Gaertn. (1788)
Lobelia velutina Kuntze (1891)
Roemeria lobelia Dennst. (1818)
Scaevola bela-modagani Schult. (1819)
Scaevola billardierei D.Dietr. (1839)
Scaevola chlorantha De Vriese (1851)
Scaevola fauriei H.Lév. (1911)
Scaevola frutescens (Mill.) K.Krause (1912)
Scaevola frutescens f. glabra (Matsum.) Hatus. (1971)
Scaevola frutescens f. moomomiana O.Deg. & Greenwell (1949)
Scaevola frutescens var. koenigii (Vahl) Domin (1929)
Scaevola frutescens var. sericea (Vahl) Merr. (1912)
Scaevola koenigii Vahl (1794)
Scaevola koenigii var. glabra Matsum. (1900)
Scaevola koenigii var. macrocalyx Miq. (1857)
Scaevola lambertiana De Vriese (1851)
Scaevola lativaga Hance (1852)
Scaevola leschenaultii DC. (1839)
Scaevola lobelia var. sericea (Vahl) Benth. (1852)
Scaevola macrocalyx De Vriese (1851)
Scaevola piliplena Miq. (1857)
Scaevola plumerioides Nutt. (1842)
Scaevola sericea Vahl (1791)
Scaevola sericea f. moomomiana (O.Deg. & Greenwell) O.Deg. & I.Deg. (1958)
Scaevola sericea f. saintjohnii O.Deg. & I.Deg. (1961)
Scaevola sericea var. fauriei (H.Lév.) O.Deg. & I.Deg. (1958)
Scaevola sericea var. taccada (Gaertn.) Makino (1904)
Scaevola taccada f. moomomiana (O.Deg. & Greenwell) T.Yamaz. (1993)
Scaevola taccada f. punicea H.St.John (1978)
Scaevola taccada var. bryanii H.St.John (1975)
Scaevola taccada var. fauriei (H.Lév.) H.St.John (1975)
Scaevola taccada var. sericea (Vahl) H.St.John (1960)
Scaevola taccada var. taccada
Scaevola velutina C.Presl (1831)

Uses and Culture

USES

  • For pains and sores, the taproot bark is combined with salt and applied to affected areas (Chun 1998:40).

  • Fruits eaten occasionally (Krauss 1993:16).

PROPAGATION/CULTIVATION

  • The fruits are fleshy berries. They are white, oblong, and about 1/2 inch long. The seeds are beige, corky and ridged. The inside of the fruit is corky and the fruits are buoyant. They can float for months in the ocean and still germinate after having been in salt water for up to a year. One study showed that the seeds germinated best after 250 days in salt water. (Bornhorst 1996)
  • It is easy to grow Scaevola sericea from seed even without a salt water soak. The seeds need to be removed from the pulp before planting. Lilleeng-Rosenberger suggests ripening the fruit in a plastic bag to soften the pulp. After this, the seeds can be removed from the pulp more easily. This can be done by rubbing the fruits in a strainer under running water. Wash the remaining seeds thoroughly. At this point they can be dried on a paper towel for storing.
  • Soak the seeds in cool water for 24 hours. Plant them about 1/2 inch deep in a well drained potting mix. Koob writes that untreated seeds can take up to 3 months to germinate. (Koob 2000; Lilleeng-Rosenberger 1998; NTBG 1994; Rauch 1997; Wagner 1990)
  • Scaevola sericea is easy to propagate from cuttings. Even large cuttings up to 3 feet long can be rooted. After the cuttings have been made, remove all of the lower leaves and cut the upper leaves in half to minimize water loss. Plant the cuttings in a light well drained potting mix or sandy soil. Keep the medium moist by watering once a day. The cuttings should be rooted in 2 to 3 months. (Bornhorst 1996; Koob 2000; NTBG 1994)
  • Scaevola sericea can be grown from air layers. (Bornhorst 1996; NTBG 1994)
  • In work on another species of Scaevola, S. coriacea Lynch tested explants from apical and axillary buds. Best results were obtained for explants which were grown on half-strength modified (vitamins added) Murashige and Scoog medium for at least 9 weeks. These plantlets were then transfered to a medium containing the growth hormone 6-benzyladenine (BA) at a rate of 1.0 mg/liter. The plantlets spent 5 to 7 weeks on this medium before being transferred back to the basal medium. The hormone affected many of the plantlets which showed abnormal growth patterns such as thickened stems or small, cupped leaves. However, these effects disappeared within the first year of growth. (Lynch1997) [Data from Herring, E. C., & Criley, R. A. (2003). The Hawaiian Native Plant Propagation Web Site: Developing a Webbased Information Resource. HortTechnology, 13(3), 545-548. https://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/hawnprop/]

Natural History

Statewide Status

Indigenous

Island Status

Mokupāpapa (Kure atoll) Indigenous
Ni'ihau(Incl. Lehua) Indigenous
Kuaihelani (Midway Atoll) Indigenous
Kaua'i Indigenous
Manawai (Pearl & Hermes Atoll) Indigenous
O'ahu Indigenous
Kapou(Lisianski Island) Indigenous
Molokai Indigenous
Kamole(Laysan Island) Indigenous
Lana'i Indigenous
Kaho'olawe Indigenous
Lalo (French Frigate Shoals) Indigenous
Maui Indigenous
Hawai'i Indigenous

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Hort. Bengal.: 15 (1814)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:788 (Ku, Mi, PH, Li, La, FF, Ni, K, O, Mo, L, M, Ka, H [as S. sericea]); Green 1991:121/Shannon et al. 1997:801 (Syn. S. sericea = S. taccada); Staples & Herbst 2005:348 (DESCR); Starr & Starr 2013b (Note: La population reintroduced after natural population destroyed by rabbits in early 1900s); Starr & Martz 1999/Long 2265 BISH (PH†, 1964)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Scaevola taccada Punaluu beach Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 792 Oahu BISH 1908-12-03
2 Scaevola taccada Hauula Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2367 Oahu BISH 1916-06-01
3 Scaevola taccada Maunalua: Makapuu Head Preserved_Specimen Grant, M.L. 7066 Oahu BISH 1934-07-12
4 Scaevola taccada SW portion Preserved_Specimen Long, C.R. 2223 Kure Atoll BISH 1964-09-14
5 Scaevola taccada Lanikai: Mokulua Island (North Island) Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 6005 Oahu BISH 1978-02-07
6 Scaevola taccada Punaluu R.R. Station; Hauula Beach Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 867 Oahu BISH 1908-03-01
7 Scaevola taccada Kaemi Islet Preserved_Specimen Kepler, A.K. 68 Maui BISH 1982-06-18
8 Scaevola taccada Alau Preserved_Specimen Starr, F. 5040513 Maui BISH 2005-04-05
9 Scaevola taccada W Maui District, Kahakuloa, Hulu Island Preserved_Specimen Kepler, A.K. 36 Maui BISH 1981-08-20
10 Scaevola taccada Hamoa Preserved_Specimen Handy, E.S. 3328 Maui BISH 1933-07-12
11 Scaevola taccada Moloaa Gulch: 4.5 miles from the sea Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 554 Kauai BISH 1916-10-09
12 Scaevola taccada Koolau Range, north of Blow Hole on beach Preserved_Specimen Onouye, R. Oahu BISH 1934-04-04
13 Scaevola taccada Kure Atoll Preserved_Specimen Lamoureux, C.H. 1890 Kure Atoll BISH 1961-09-12
14 Scaevola taccada Paomai Coast Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 85 Lanai BISH 1913-09-13
15 Scaevola taccada Hauula on beach; Punaluu Station Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 868 Oahu BISH 1908-11-14
16 Scaevola taccada Honolulu: Kapalama; Bishop Museum grounds Preserved_Specimen Leu, M. 54 Oahu BISH 1987-11-30
17 Scaevola taccada Paomai Coast Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 85 Lanai BISH 1913-09-13
18 Scaevola taccada Kure Atoll Preserved_Specimen Lamoureux, C.H. 1871 Kure Atoll BISH 1961-09-12
19 Scaevola taccada Beach between Diamond Head and Koko Head Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Oahu BISH 1908-12-04
20 Scaevola taccada Islet off Malaekahana-Mokuauia Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1938-06-19
21 Scaevola taccada Laysan Preserved_Specimen Bryan, W.A. Laysan Island BISH 1911-05-01
22 Scaevola taccada Mokuauia Island, near Laie Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Oahu BISH 1977-11-12
23 Scaevola taccada Glenwood Preserved_Specimen (Not on sheet) Hawaii BISH
24 Scaevola taccada Hauula Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Oahu BISH 1908-11-19
25 Scaevola taccada Molokai Preserved_Specimen Stokes, J.F.G. Molokai BISH 1909-01-01
26 Scaevola taccada Kaena: Kaena Point Preserved_Specimen Kondo, Y. Oahu BISH 1958-05-03
27 Scaevola taccada Niihau Preserved_Specimen Stokes, J.F.G. Niihau BISH 1912-01-01
28 Scaevola taccada Kaena Preserved_Specimen (Not on sheet) Oahu BISH 1958-04-01
29 Scaevola taccada Tern Islet Preserved_Specimen Rainwater, H.I. French Frigate Shoals BISH 1953-10-29
30 Scaevola taccada Laysan Preserved_Specimen Schauinsland, H.H. Laysan Island BISH 1896-12-07
31 Scaevola taccada Hilo Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Hawaii BISH
32 Scaevola taccada unknown Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. BISH 1865-07-01
33 Scaevola taccada Naupaka; Puako, along road bordering L.Theveuin's lot Preserved_Specimen Tabrah, F. Hawaii BISH 1966-09-01
34 Scaevola taccada unknown Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 248 BISH 1864-01-01
35 Scaevola taccada Tern Islet Preserved_Specimen Lamoureux, C.H. 1656 French Frigate Shoals BISH 1961-09-02
36 Scaevola taccada Kauai Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Kauai BISH
37 Scaevola taccada Magic Island beach On coral sand along lagoon. Preserved_Specimen Creeping shrublet with fleshy leaves, no milky sap. Leaves light greyish downy. Flowers white, brownish on outside. Fruits white when ripe. van Royen, P. 10171 Oahu BISH 1967-08-06
38 Scaevola taccada unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 14073 Molokai BISH
39 Scaevola taccada Paomai, Lanai coast Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 528 Lanai BISH 1930-01-28
40 Scaevola taccada South Kona District: In the ahupuaa of Kapua; Kapua Bay and surrounding areas Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 7710 Hawaii BISH 1977-07-01
41 Scaevola taccada Lanikai: Popoia Island Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 6033 Oahu BISH 1978-02-07
42 Scaevola taccada Oahu Preserved_Specimen Kamae, K.K. 30 Oahu BISH 1967-04-26
43 Scaevola taccada Napali Coast; Hanakapiai In Pandanus forest. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10906 Kauai BISH 1930-12-31
44 Scaevola taccada N end patches near the edge of the bunchgrass association Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 6505 Lisianski Island BISH 1980-07-11
45 Scaevola taccada W shore crest of beach, and inland; seaward of Casuarina, and with Eragrostis, Fimbristylis, Nicotiana, Tribulus Preserved_Specimen shrub, sprawling, 0.7-1.3 m tall Young, A.L. 153 Laysan Island BISH 1964-09-17
46 Scaevola taccada S shore sand Preserved_Specimen dwarf shrub Long, C.R. 2265 Pearl & Hermes Atoll BISH 1964-09-16
47 Scaevola taccada Honolulu: 2640 Dole Street, about 100 yards below the Dole St. bridge over Manoa Stream Growing in a hedge planting. Preserved_Specimen No visible post-pollination growth of stigmatic tissue at base of the stigmatic cup. Appears to be a consistent inbreeder. Gillett, G.W. 1365 Oahu BISH 1963-10-22
48 Scaevola taccada Hauula Growing almost at water's edge along sandy beach. Preserved_Specimen Flower and fruiting. About 608 feet high. Leaves fleshy pubescent. Infloresence axillary cyme. Garber, D.W. 481 Oahu BISH 1920-07-04
49 Scaevola taccada Laupahoehoe section of the Hilo Forest Reserve Associations composed primarily of Metrosideros, Coprosma, Antidesma, Sadleria, Freycinetia. Preserved_Specimen Sohmer, S.H. 6255 Hawaii BISH 1970-01-05
50 Scaevola taccada Haupu; (Hoary Head Mts.); Kipu Reforested area. Preserved_Specimen Bush 3.05 m. tall. St.John, H. 13634 Kauai BISH 1933-12-25
51 Scaevola taccada SE Island, W portion with Boerhavia, Tribulus, Lepidium, 10 m from sea Preserved_Specimen 0.7 m tall, flowers white, leaves curled Young, A.L. 97 Pearl & Hermes Atoll BISH 1964-08-17
52 Scaevola taccada Mokuauia In sand, common. Preserved_Specimen Low shrub to 1 meter. Long, C.R. 1742 Oahu BISH 1964-05-16
53 Scaevola taccada Mokulua (North Islet); west side Slope just above beach area. Preserved_Specimen Long, C.R. 1652 Oahu BISH 1964-05-01
54 Scaevola taccada Kaaawa Forming a dense colony 60 feet by 15 feet in extent on a sand beach. Preserved_Specimen A low spreading shrub 3 feet high. Urata, U. Oahu BISH 1953-01-03
55 Scaevola taccada Kaiolohia Bay, beach, N Lanai Forming large mat, up to 0.5 meters tall, growing near clumps of Prosopis. Preserved_Specimen Leaves with whitish pubescence throughout; clostered at branch tips. Flowers whitish to cream colored; corolla split entirely down one side. Spence, G. 304 Lanai BISH 1973-10-18
56 Scaevola taccada About 2 km WSW of Kalani, Moomomi sand strip, directly S of Kaa, Kaluakoi On loose and consolidated calcareous sand. Preserved_Specimen Low rounded bushes; flowers pale lavender, scarce at this season; fruits white. Fosberg, F.R. 29566 Molokai BISH 1948-02-22
57 Scaevola taccada Haleiwa Among bushes, widely scattered. Sandy soil. Preserved_Specimen Half-white flowers, green leaves, alternate leaves. Aki, J. 52 Oahu BISH 1969-11-03
58 Scaevola taccada Kahuku: Turtle Bay Hotel Shoreline/coastal shorevines. Grows clump to the ground. Sandy soil. Preserved_Specimen Sanchez, S. 8 Oahu BISH 1986-03-24
59 Scaevola taccada W shore seaward of Casuarina, with Eragrostis, Fimbristylis, Nicotiana and Tribulus, crest of beach, inland Preserved_Specimen sprawling shrub, 0.7-1.3 m Young, A.L. 153 Laysan Island BISH 1964-09-17
60 Scaevola taccada Laupahoehoe section of the Hilo Forest Reserve Associations composed primarily of Metrosideros, Coprosma, Antidesma, Sadleria, Freycinetia. Preserved_Specimen Sohmer, S.H. 6255 Hawaii BISH 1970-01-05
61 Scaevola taccada Hanopu near Lihue On very top of ridge (very strange place for this sea beach plant). Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 31 Kauai BISH 1909-07-09
62 Scaevola taccada Laie: CCH, Outside language lab Lined along building. Loam soil. Preserved_Specimen White half-flower with slight purple inside. Ayakawa, G.T. 28 Oahu BISH 1967-05-17
63 Scaevola taccada W beach 100' in, level terrace, with Ipomoea indica, Eragrostis, Boerhavia Preserved_Specimen shrub, ~1 m tall, white flower Shelton, P.C. 413 Lisianski Island BISH 1966-06-19
64 Scaevola taccada Poaiwa, coast Windswept, sandy coast. Not common. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 28611 Lanai BISH 1963-07-24
65 Scaevola taccada Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Near a Casuarina tree in sandy soil. Preserved_Specimen Shrub up to 1.5 m tall. Conant, S. 180 Laysan Island BISH 1983-07-25
66 Scaevola taccada Keaukaha; along Nene Street, 100 yards from dead end Found associated w/Melastoma, Trema, Nephrolepis and Psidium on old Pahoehoe lava beds. Preserved_Specimen Scandant shrub. Leaves obovate-spathulate, found at ends of branches. Fruits white, corky. Ishikawa, S. 223 Hawaii BISH 1973-01-12
67 Scaevola taccada Poooneone Sand dunes near beach Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 22745 Niihau BISH 1947-08-12
68 Scaevola taccada Waioli Valley, about 2.5 miles from the sea Growing in uluhe fern. Preserved_Specimen Shrub. Height 1½ meters MacDaniels, L.H. 904 Kauai BISH 1927-02-27
69 Scaevola taccada Oahu Near shore, in coral sand. Preserved_Specimen Brown, F.B.H. Oahu BISH 1920-10-09
70 Scaevola taccada Koloa, 0.75 mile north of Laaukahi Crest of ridge. Preserved_Specimen 1 meter high shrub. St.John, H. 23027 Kauai BISH 1947-12-24
71 Scaevola taccada Kailua, outside Dune Circle, in the 300 block of Kalaheo in front of #323 Cultivated in the backyard of a house. Preserved_Specimen Small tree 10-12ft ht, trunk woody, 8-10diameter; lvs 8-12 long, margins ruffled; flws and frts densely packed in leaf axils; frts white. Staples, G.W. 700 Oahu BISH 1990-09-17
72 Scaevola taccada Haena; Maunapuluo Dry open headland overlooking ocean. Preserved_Specimen Spreading bush, 3 feet tall; flowers white with dark lines; fruit white. St.John, H. 13872 Kauai BISH 1933-12-30
73 Scaevola taccada Mokolii Locally abundant on the N tip forming low shrubs near the coast. Preserved_Specimen Starr, F. 5041933 Oahu BISH 2005-04-19
74 Scaevola taccada Kohala Ditch Trail Steep slopes near sea. Preserved_Specimen Straggling shrub. Height 1&½ meters. MacDaniels, L.H. 334 Hawaii BISH 1926-12-06
75 Scaevola taccada Laaukahi; Koloa (Hoary Head Range) On grassy slope. In woods with Metrosideros and Pandanus. Preserved_Specimen Branching shrubs 0.914 - 2.438 meters; common; flower and fruit white; fruit 12 mm. dia.; subglobose; leaves chartaceous; thinner than the coast form; glabrous. St.John, H. 13464 Kauai BISH 1933-12-22
76 Scaevola taccada Kapapa, Oahu A few patches. Preserved_Specimen Occasional. Starr, F. 5041847 Oahu BISH 2005-04-18
77 Scaevola taccada Waimea District: Nualolo Kai Top of beach, common. Preserved_Specimen 1 meter shrub, but no fruit, very few flowers. Leaves appear glabrous. St.John, H. 26694 Kauai BISH 1965-04-24
78 Scaevola taccada Puu Ku Dominant. Found all over the islet. Also observed on tallest rock west of Puu Ku where it was scattered on nearly sheer walls and on summit. Preserved_Specimen Often forming large monotypic clumps. Starr, F. 6042205 Maui BISH 2006-04-22
79 Scaevola taccada About 2 km WSW of Kalani, Moomomi sand strip, directly S of Kaa, Kaluakoi on loose and consolidated calcareous sand. Preserved_Specimen low rounded bushes; flowers pale lavender, scarce at this season; fruits white. Fosberg, F.R. 29566 Molokai BISH 1948-02-22
80 Scaevola taccada Laie Common along coastal areas in Hawaii. Preserved_Specimen Shrub which grows into a rounded green mount. Native to Hawaii, has white berries. Brandow, C.T. 41 Oahu BISH 1967-05-05
81 Scaevola taccada Kalepa Forest Reserve, Kalepa Ridge Secondary vegetation. W/ Urochloa, Syzygium, Schinus, Passiflora, Stachytarpheta and Desmodium Preserved_Specimen Sprawling shrub; leaves glossy green, slightly darker above, corolla tube and petals pale green with purplish-brown margin, wings of petals pale white Flynn, T.W. 7820 Kauai BISH 2014-07-01
82 Scaevola taccada E end sand Preserved_Specimen Long, C.R. 2345 Lisianski Island BISH 1964-09-18
83 Scaevola taccada Green Island outer edge, dunes Preserved_Specimen Clay, H.F. Kure Atoll BISH 1959-10-03
84 Scaevola taccada Paomai, Kanaele Sand dunes. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 5-10 dm. Flower white. St.John, H. 18831 Lanai BISH 1938-04-13
85 Scaevola taccada SW side of runway sand Preserved_Specimen Long, C.R. 2250 Kure Atoll BISH 1964-09-14
86 Scaevola taccada NE beach 2 patches. Preserved_Specimen Erect Shrub. 1-2 meters in height. Flowers pale lavender. Fruit white, pulpy. Bryan Jr., E.H. 735 Kahoolawe BISH 1931-02-15
87 Scaevola taccada East Maui, Hana District, Kalahu Point. PTBG Kahanu Garden Cultivated area around Piilanihale Heiau in remnant Pandanus forest. Preserved_Specimen Shrubs of five feet in height along coastal cliff. Fruit white. Flynn, T.W. 2481 Maui BISH 1987-10-20
88 Scaevola taccada Kapapa Islet, Kaneohe Bay raised coral reef, shallow sandy soil Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 6132 Oahu BISH 1978-05-24
89 Scaevola taccada East Maui, Makawao District, Papakea District, near La Perouse Bay On sandy flats. Preserved_Specimen Medeiros, A.C. 586 Maui BISH 1983-11-20
90 Scaevola taccada North Kohala District: Pololu Valley Top of bluffs. Preserved_Specimen 2 meter high shrub. St.John, H. 25488 Hawaii BISH 1954-12-30
91 Scaevola taccada Hulu, Maui. On the north slope of the lowest part of the island One patch on the north slope of the lowest part of the island. Preserved_Specimen Rare. Starr, F. 5040422 Maui BISH 2005-04-04
92 Scaevola taccada Northern end of Makapu Peninsula Abundant on high dunes of shell fragments. Preserved_Specimen Harris, J.A. 242071 Oahu BISH 1924-08-20
93 Scaevola taccada Along beach off Waiehu Beach Road In dense thickets to 4 feet. Associated w/Passiflora foetida, Ipomoea, Messerschmidia. Preserved_Specimen Shrub succulent. Leaves obovate, slightly fleshy, covered with soft hairs. Branch tips covered with long soft down. Flowers with white corolla streaked with purple. Fruit white, succulent. Ishikawa, S. 161 Maui BISH 1972-10-16
94 Scaevola taccada Lisianski Island top of beach, slightly into interior, with Eragrostis, Boerhaavia, Portulaca Preserved_Specimen 1.1 m tall Young, A.L. 131 Lisianski Island BISH 1964-08-21
95 Scaevola taccada Waimea Arboretum In dappled shade. Preserved_Specimen A sprawling shrub 2 meters tall. Flowers white with creamy yellow centers, some reddish purple. Flowers odorless (morning). Lau, J. 2652 Oahu BISH 1986-07-21
96 Scaevola taccada W of lagoon sand Preserved_Specimen 5' high, with flowers and fruit Long, C.R. 2402 Laysan Island BISH 1964-09-19
97 Scaevola taccada East Maui, Hana District, E of Hana Bay, near Puuku Island lighthouse Forming patches 2-4 feet high, 10 feet thick along shore. Common. Preserved_Specimen Henrickson, J.S. 3730 Maui BISH 1969-06-26
98 Scaevola taccada Hauula Beach. Preserved_Specimen Decumbent shrub. Hume, E.P. 246 Oahu BISH 1931-10-15
99 Scaevola taccada East side of Wailau Valley Along boulder-covered shore in rainy climate. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 7732 Molokai BISH 1928-08-11
100 Scaevola taccada Kailua, outside Dune Circle, in the 300 block of Kalaheo in front of #323 Cultivated in the backyard of a house. Preserved_Specimen Small tree 10-12ft ht, trunk woody, 8-10diameter; lvs 8-12 long, margins ruffled; flws and frts densely packed in leaf axils; frts white. Staples, G.W. 700 Oahu BISH 1990-09-17
101 Scaevola taccada Punaluu Shore. Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 869 Oahu BISH 1908-11-14
102 Scaevola taccada Omoe, in woods on both sides of terminal ridge In woods. Preserved_Specimen Dozen plants 4-9 ft. high, erect, few branched, ±arborescent. Degener, O. 27313 Kauai BISH 1961-03-16
103 Scaevola taccada Kalihikai: Wainini Beach At top of beach. Preserved_Specimen 3 ft. thicket. St.John, H. 13987 Kauai BISH 1934-01-02
104 Scaevola taccada BYU-Laie Campus Clay loam soil. Grows wild on beaches. Preserved_Specimen Shrub. Downy, fleshy, green leaves. Flower appears to be split in half. Elia, H.V.K. 30 Oahu BISH 1971-04-23
105 Scaevola taccada Kau District: Kaulani, green beach On basalt talus Preserved_Specimen Semiprostrate shrub. St.John, H. 25386 Hawaii BISH 1954-12-21
106 Scaevola taccada Kalepa Ridge Windward side of northern part of the ridge. Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Kauai BISH 1977-07-20
107 Scaevola taccada Hoalulu Valley: Hanakapiai On precipitous shore. Preserved_Specimen 1 meter high shrub, leaves green, glabrous, flowers white, fruit white. St.John, H. 23166 Kauai BISH 1948-01-01
108 Scaevola taccada W side near beach Preserved_Specimen low, dwarf shrub Long, C.R. 2287 Pearl & Hermes Atoll BISH 1964-09-16
109 Scaevola taccada Pearl & Hermes Reef edge of beach Preserved_Specimen Caum, E.L. 52 Pearl & Hermes Atoll BISH 1923-04-27
110 Scaevola taccada Kaena Pt betw end of rd & Natural Area Reserve Coastal strand. Preserved_Specimen Perennial to 1m; flowers white; fruit white. Annable, C.R. 3135 Oahu BISH 1996-11-13
111 Scaevola taccada Kailua, outside Dune Circle, in the 300 block of Kalaheo in front of #323 Cultivated in the backyard of a house. Preserved_Specimen Small tree 10-12ft ht, trunk woody, 8-10diameter; lvs 8-12 long, margins ruffled; flws and frts densely packed in leaf axils; frts white. Staples, G.W. 700 Oahu BISH 1990-09-17
112 Scaevola taccada W side sandy, ocean slope Preserved_Specimen spreading, low bush Daniel, C.W. 4 Laysan Island BISH 1959-07-24
113 Scaevola taccada Moku Mana (N) Over much of the middle of N islet. Preserved_Specimen Starr, F. 504067 Maui BISH 2005-04-06
114 Scaevola taccada West of Moomomi Arid coastal dunes. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 7728 Molokai BISH 1928-04-25
115 Scaevola taccada Kaluakoi; Kawakiu Road Growing on sand dunes. Preserved_Specimen Low bushes. St.John, H. 12450 Molokai BISH 1932-12-22
116 Scaevola taccada W coast, central sandy Preserved_Specimen shrub, 1 m tall, white flower; ripe and developing fruit Conant, S. 194 Lisianski Island BISH 1983-08-08
117 Scaevola taccada W shore sandy, near top of beach, with Boerhavia, Eragrostis Preserved_Specimen shrub, 1 m tall, white flower Skelton, P.C. 412 Lisianski Island BISH 1966-06-19
118 Scaevola taccada Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum Campus, Native Hawaiian Garden Cultivated amongst beach strand Hawaiian plants. With Scaevola coreacea, Scaevola gaudichaudii, Gossipium tomentosum, Vitex rotundifolia, Pandanus tectorius, and Sida fallax. Next to hedge of typical Scaevola taccada (see BISH 783519) Preserved_Specimen 2-3 m tall clump of srubs with more than 1 individual. Well pruned and maintained as a specimen plant. Fruit round white, pulpy, boyant and airy ~1.5 cm diam with some variation in size when ripe. Fruit slightly smaller in size than neighboring typical Scaevola taccada (slight difference observed in volume of 45 fruits compared to neighboring plants). Seed conspicuously lacking corky tissue (possibly explaining the marginally smaller size). Seeds not boyant when removed from the fruit. Seeds dark/brown, oval, pointed at distal end, with one suture/ridge running longitudinally. Leaves variable in size but roughly 9 cm long x 5 cm wide and somewhat fleshy. Pithy stems bear tufts of white silky hair. Overall typical Scaevola taccada with the exception of no corky layer surrounding the seeds. Walvoord, N. 2024020 Oahu BISH 2024-08-27
119 Scaevola taccada Polihale State Park Along the beach. Growing in open near Pluchea-Myoporum-Prosopis. Preserved_Specimen Shrub to about 4 feet; dbh 2 inches. Leaves thick; velvety pubescence; with whitehairs; leaves at branch tips. Flowers white. Spence, G. 104 Kauai BISH 1972-11-08
120 Scaevola taccada Lihue: Kaupu Top of ridge. Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 31 Kauai BISH 1909-07-09
121 Scaevola taccada About .3 km S of Anaehoomalu along coast Anchialine pool with native vegetation of Lycium, Bacopa, Scaevola, Sesuvium and Sporobolus virginicus; also Cocos and Thespesia around margins Preserved_Specimen spreading shrub Price, J.P. 6 Hawaii BISH 2000-07-21
122 Scaevola taccada Kahuku Sandy soil.. Coastal plants. Preserved_Specimen Tree with ovate leaves. Guinto, J. 7 Oahu BISH 1986-02-04
123 Scaevola taccada S. Hilo, E of Richardson's Beach Park toward Leleiwi Point rocky coast; with Vigna marina, Vitex rotundifolia, Pandanus tectorius, Thespesia populnea; Casuarina equisetifolia, Cocos nucifera Preserved_Specimen Price, J.P. 75 Hawaii BISH 2001-08-06
124 Scaevola taccada SE end Sandy Preserved_Specimen Bush, 6-15' high Munro, G.C. Niihau BISH 1939-11-01
125 Scaevola taccada Kaalualu Bay near South Point Growing on lava rock and forming dense thickets. Preserved_Specimen A shrub about 1 meter high. Flowers white, fruit white. Whistler, W.A. 3 Hawaii BISH 1972-04-06
126 Scaevola taccada Back of beach, about 100 yards east of Camp Erdman Associated with Heliotropium, Boerhavia, Fimbristylis, Ipomoea. Preserved_Specimen Low shrub with pale-green succulent leaves and white flowers and fruit. Herbst, D.R. 764 Oahu BISH 1967-12-06
127 Scaevola taccada Northeast of Kapoho, mauka of main road and miles from ocean In kipuka of Metrosideros and Dicranopteris. Preserved_Specimen Long straggling shrub up to 6 ft. tall, not yet sufficiently inbred to simulate forma saintjohnii. Degener, O. 31572 Hawaii BISH 1968-01-29
128 Scaevola taccada Easternmost Oahu: Makapuu Head Amond lava blocks with Sida fallax, Lipochaeta integrifolia, and Schiedea globosa. Preserved_Specimen Low, dense spreading shrubs to 3 feet wide, to two feet high, Flowers white, fruits white at maturity, leaves semi-succulent. Carlquist, S. 2378 Oahu BISH 1966-10-05
129 Scaevola taccada 10 miles east of Kaunakakai Over rocks. Found associated w/Desmanthus, Xanthium and grasses. Preserved_Specimen Shrub to 3 feet. Fruits white, succulent. Flowers white w/purple streaks. Ishikawa, S. 141 Molokai BISH 1972-08-31
130 Scaevola taccada N end near edge of bunchgrass Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 6506 Lisianski Island BISH 1980-07-11
131 Scaevola taccada Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum Campus, Native Hawaiian Garden Cultivated amongst beach strand Hawaiian plants. With Scaevola coreacea, Scaevola gaudichaudii, Gossipium tomentosum, Vitex rotundifolia, Pandanus tectorius, and Sida fallax. Next to hedge of corkless Scaevola taccada (see BISH 783520) Preserved_Specimen 2-3 m tall clump of srubs likely more than 1 individual. Well pruned and maintained as a specimen plant. Fruit round white, pulpy, boyant and airy ~1.5 cm diam with some variation in size when ripe. seed surounded by somewhat weakly attached, longitudinally ridged, corky tissue. Seeds boyant with corky tissue attached but sink once it is removed. Seed within the corky tissue dark/brown, oval, pointed at distal end, with one suture/ridge running longitudinally. Leaves variable in size but roughly 9 cm long x 5 cm wide and somewhat fleshy. Pithy stems bear tufts of white silky hair. Overall a typical Scaevola taccada. Walvoord, N. 2024019 Oahu BISH 2024-08-27
132 Scaevola taccada Laie: Hukilau Beach Sandy soil. Preserved_Specimen Bush. Broad leaves and tiny white flowers. Yao, M. 2 Oahu BISH 1968-01-10
133 Scaevola taccada Camp Mineral rich, damp soil. Preserved_Specimen Flowers are white/cream colored with purple streaks. Al-Bayer, S. Kure Atoll BISH 2018-12-31
134 Scaevola taccada Puna; Wahaula On coastal rocks. Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 2892 Hawaii BISH 1959-06-21
135 Scaevola taccada NW side opposite boat enterance sandy, along beach Preserved_Specimen Tsuda, R.T. 489 Laysan Island BISH 1963-12-04
136 Scaevola taccada Laysan Island sides of sand hills Preserved_Specimen shrub, ~1/3 m tall Caum, E.L. 1 Laysan Island BISH 1923-04-08
137 Scaevola taccada Kekepa, Oahu Preserved_Specimen Occasional. A few small patches. A fair amount of recently dead specimens. Starr, F. 504184 Oahu BISH 2005-04-18
138 Scaevola taccada Kahuku Near beach. Preserved_Specimen Plants luxuriant after rainy season. Fruit white, ½ inches long. Flowers inside white with yellow center, outside pale-green and 5 lobes edged with purple lines. Bishop, B. Oahu BISH 1963-06-02
139 Scaevola taccada Mokeehia Island, off Hakuhee Point, Kahakuloa, West Maui growing in dry, sandy area Preserved_Specimen Kepler, A.K. 15 Maui BISH 1981-07-19
140 Scaevola taccada North Mokulua Islet Abundant on steep slopes and ledges of volcanic ash or weathered tuff. Preserved_Specimen Low spreading shrub, small leafed conditional probably due to drouth, as larger leaves were on ground under bush. Fosberg, F.R. 27115 Oahu BISH 1946-10-13
141 Scaevola taccada East Kure Atoll with Eragrostis and Boerhavia in open areas Preserved_Specimen Long, C.R. 2244 Kure Atoll BISH 1964-09-14
142 Scaevola taccada Magic Island On coral sand along lagoon. Preserved_Specimen Creeping shrublet with fleshy leaves, no milky sap. Leaves light greyish downy. Flowers white, brownish on outside. Fruits white when ripe. van Royen, P. 10171 Oahu BISH 1967-08-06
143 Scaevola taccada Along coastal and inland trail in Puuhonua o Honaunau National Historical Park Predominantly exotic vegetation. Area highly modified by ancient Polynesians. Preserved_Specimen Bush 1(+) meters tall, flowers white, mature fruit white. Higashino, P.K. 10226 Hawaii BISH 1984-04-07
144 Scaevola taccada Mokuleia Top of beach. Preserved_Specimen Shrub: Flowers white; fruit white. St.John, H. 9986 Oahu BISH 1929-11-03
145 Scaevola taccada Koloa District: National Tropical Botanical Garden in Lawai Valley; Mascarene area on west side of Lawai Stream (Shady Medicinal area) Preserved_Specimen Shrub 1.3 meters with horizontal-decumbent stems, stems and leaves teeth dark purple tinted, leaves green, fleshy. Corolla tube and lobes externally green, margins purple, white within. Lorence, D.H. 8028 Kauai BISH 1997-07-08
146 Scaevola taccada Hoomaluhia Botanical Garden Preserved_Specimen Shrub to 1.5 m; flowers white Annable, C.R. 3719 Oahu BISH 1997-09-10
147 Scaevola taccada Moomomi Beach Preserved_Specimen Leaves smaller, densely hirsute. Outer 2/3-3/4 of corolla lobe pale purple. Herbst, D.R. 2951 Molokai BISH 1973-04-03
148 Scaevola taccada University of Hawaii campus, St. John Hall Preserved_Specimen Low, sprawling shrub 1.5 m. high. The flowers are white with chocolate striations. Fragrance: none in the morning. Lau, J. 1223 Oahu BISH 1985-07-18
149 Scaevola taccada Kaalawai Beach near Leahi Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 15 Oahu BISH 1922-08-02
150 Scaevola taccada Kaena: Kaena Point, near shore Preserved_Specimen Shrub 1-1.5 meters in height. Christophersen, E. 1401 Oahu BISH 1930-12-14
151 Scaevola taccada Kekepa Islet Plants growing in soil pockets or in thin soil layer over limestone base. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 5864 Oahu BISH 1976-06-06
152 Scaevola taccada E portion open, Eragrostis and Boerhavia Preserved_Specimen Long, C.R. 2244 Kure Atoll BISH 1964-09-14
153 Scaevola taccada Kawaihoa Point, S part Bluff Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. Niihau BISH 1939-11-01
154 Scaevola taccada Makapuu Point Lava and sand soil. Coastal plants, tropical. Preserved_Specimen Clumped close to ground, Succulent. Five petals on one side. Fruit floats. Smith, M. 25 Oahu BISH 1986-03-23
155 Scaevola taccada Mokapu, N shore islet, E of Kalaupapa open basalt, lower slopes, dry; Chenopodium oahuense, Chamaesyce, Diospyros sandwicensis, Osteomeles anthyllidifolia, Sida fallax, Plumbago zeylanica, Artemisia australis, Schiedea globosa, Melanthera integrifolia, Cassytha filiformis Preserved_Specimen 50 cm shrub, spreading 2-3 m wide; stems gray brown; corolla and fruit white Wood, K.R. 12199 Molokai BISH 2006-11-01
156 Scaevola taccada Laupahoehoe Point at mouth of intermittent stream, vicinity of Vigna collection #1897 On beach rubble c 10 feet from highwater line. Preserved_Specimen Shrub. Takeuchi, W.N. 1896 Hawaii BISH 1984-12-29
157 Scaevola taccada Koolau Poko District; Mokapu Peninsula Marine Corps Base Hawaii, Kaneohe Bay, Pyramid Rock Beach Abundant, forming dense thickets on sand dune back of beach. Preserved_Specimen Erect shrub ca. 3 ft. tall w/white flws & fruit. Herbst, D.R. 9731 Oahu BISH 1995-12-05
158 Scaevola taccada Kalaupapa National Historical Park; coastal area east of lighthouse coastal Preserved_Specimen Shrub Wysong, M.L. 451 Molokai BISH 2004-11-18
159 Scaevola taccada Kau District: Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Off Puna Coast trail, very close to Apua Point Growing in open area. Common. Preserved_Specimen Shrub c 2 meters tall. Herat, T. 882 Hawaii BISH 1974-07-01
160 Scaevola taccada Hauula Sandy loam soil. Scattered on the beach. Preserved_Specimen Shrubs. White flower-imperfect. Hai, N. 23 Oahu BISH 1975-04-02
161 Scaevola taccada Pupukea-Kahuku Military Road On coral road gravel, built 2 or 3 years before. Preserved_Specimen Shrub: 5 dm. tall. St.John, H. 23233 Oahu BISH 1948-12-11
162 Scaevola taccada Makaha ridge road near mile 2.75 In ditch along road through pine planting. Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 1808 Kauai BISH 1986-07-15
163 Scaevola taccada Kaena Point. Along trail from the Mokuleia side. Along coast, near old rusty gate before exclosure gate. With Myoporum sandwicense, Sida fallax, Ruellia brittoniana, Chloris cf. barbata, Leucena leucocephala, Jacquemontia sandwicensis. Preserved_Specimen Shrubs, 4 ft ht; flowers white. Kennedy, B. 75 Oahu BISH 2018-12-02
164 Scaevola taccada Green Island Preserved_Specimen to 3' tall Lamoureux, C.H. 2796 Kure Atoll BISH 1964-08-15
165 Scaevola taccada Honolulu, Bishop Museum Campus, native Hawaiian garden. Preserved_Specimen Shrub, 3.5 ft ht. Kennedy, B. 20171 Oahu BISH 2017-11-09
166 Scaevola taccada Mokapu Point; Leeward side of ridge leading to Point Preserved_Specimen In flower. Long, C.R. 1712 Oahu BISH 1964-05-06
167 Scaevola taccada Punaluu; sea shore Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 11319 Hawaii BISH 1931-12-25
168 Scaevola taccada Degeners' Mokuleia beach home Native to calcareous sand dune. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 27708 Oahu BISH 1961-06-27
169 Scaevola taccada Paomai Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 127 Lanai BISH 1913-09-13
170 Scaevola taccada 1 mile north of the intersectdion with state route #137 on state route 130 Preserved_Specimen Shrub 1 meter tall; corollas white; fruits white. Miller, J.S. 7961 Hawaii BISH 1992-08-07
171 Scaevola taccada E end Preserved_Specimen spreading shrub 2-3' high; flower small, white; berry white Wilder, G.P. 477 Laysan Island BISH 1930-08-10
172 Scaevola taccada Hilo; near beach Preserved_Specimen Faurie, A. 653 Hawaii BISH 1909-05-01
173 Scaevola taccada University of Hawaii campus, St. John Hall Preserved_Specimen Low, sprawling shrub 1.5 m. high. The flowers are white with chocolate striations. Fragrance: none in the morning. Lau, J. 1223 Oahu BISH 1985-07-18
174 Scaevola taccada Waimea: Polihale Beach Preserved_Specimen Prostrate shrub 3 feet in height. Ozaki, E.T. 136 Kauai BISH 1952-12-28
175 Scaevola taccada Oahu Preserved_Specimen Rémy, J. 315 Oahu BISH 1851-01-01
176 Scaevola taccada Mokupipi, Maui Preserved_Specimen Common. Covering most of the taller portion of the island and scattered plants on the lower portion. Many seedlings found. Starr, F. 504053 Maui BISH 2005-04-05
177 Scaevola taccada Keehi Lagoon: Small sand islet at inner NW corner of triangle formed by seaplane runways Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 1936 Oahu BISH 1971-06-13
178 Scaevola taccada Tern Islet; E half Preserved_Specimen shrub Herbst, D.R. 6231 French Frigate Shoals BISH 1978-09-11
179 Scaevola taccada Waimanalo, Beach Road Preserved_Specimen Shrub 1 meter high; flowers white. Cowan, R.S. 635 Oahu BISH 1947-06-22
180 Scaevola taccada Kahuku, northern tip of island, back-beach flora between golf-course and sea Preserved_Specimen Plentiful shrub to 1 meter in broad masses. Fruits white. Flowers lined purplish. Hutchison, P.C. 2859 Oahu BISH 1967-01-21
181 Scaevola taccada Halawa; stone wall on beach Preserved_Specimen Decumbent shrub. St.John, H. 12721 Molokai BISH 1932-12-27
182 Scaevola taccada Makapuu Point: Keohikaipu Islet Preserved_Specimen Lamoureux, C.H. 4069 Oahu BISH 1967-08-10
183 Scaevola taccada S end of runway sand Preserved_Specimen Long, C.R. 2230 Kure Atoll BISH 1964-09-14
184 Scaevola taccada Mokulua South, Oahu. West slope near landing and slopes of north east and S sides Preserved_Specimen Occasional to common. There are a few plants on west slope near landing that were apparently planted. There are also large patches of naupaka cascading down the steep to sheer slopes of the north, east and south sides of the island. Starr, F. 5022327 Oahu BISH 2005-02-23
185 Scaevola taccada SW portion Preserved_Specimen shrub Long, C.R. 2223 Kure Atoll BISH 1964-09-14
186 Scaevola taccada Moomomi; Moomomi Beach Preserved_Specimen Common shrub. Herbst, D.R. 5102 Molokai BISH 1974-11-12
187 Scaevola taccada Kaluaaha, Niaupala Fishpond Seashore. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 19948 Molokai BISH 1939-01-02
188 Scaevola taccada Puna; Olea Preserved_Specimen Herb. Pukui, M.K. Hawaii BISH 1931-01-01
189 Scaevola taccada SW edge of lagoon Preserved_Specimen shrub with white flowers Herbst, D.R. 6526 Laysan Island BISH 1980-07-13
190 Scaevola taccada East Maui, Kaapahu Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1771 Maui BISH 1919-12-09
191 Scaevola taccada Moomomi Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 609 Molokai BISH 1915-05-24
192 Scaevola taccada Waimea Arboretum Preserved_Specimen Shrub 2 meters tall; corollas white; fruits green. Miller, J.S. 7818 Oahu BISH 1992-07-28
193 Scaevola taccada Mokuleia Preserved_Specimen Suehiro, A. 277 Oahu BISH 1931-11-15
194 Scaevola taccada Keopuka, Maui on lower platform of island Preserved_Specimen Common. Starr, F. 5040532 Maui BISH 2005-04-05
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